Electricity powers almost everything around us, but did you know there are two main types of electric current—AC (Alternating Current) and DC (Direct Current)? Understanding the difference is key to knowing how electricity works in homes, gadgets, and industries.
What Is AC (Alternating Current)?
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AC is an electric current that changes direction periodically.
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In AC, the voltage rises and falls in a sinusoidal pattern, usually many times per second (like 50 Hz in India).
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AC is used for household electricity because it is easy to transmit over long distances.
Examples: Power outlets, household appliances, electric grids.
What Is DC (Direct Current)?
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DC is an electric current that flows in one constant direction.
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The voltage in DC is steady and unidirectional, making it ideal for electronics.
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DC is commonly used in batteries, solar panels, and electronic devices.
Examples: Mobile phones, laptops, flashlights, electric vehicles.
Key Differences Between AC and DC
| Feature | AC (Alternating Current) | DC (Direct Current) |
|---|---|---|
| Flow Direction | Changes periodically | Flows in one direction |
| Voltage | Alternates between positive and negative | Constant and steady |
| Transmission | Efficient over long distances | Not ideal for long-distance transmission without conversion |
| Source | Power plants, generators | Batteries, solar cells |
| Uses | Homes, industries, appliances | Electronics, gadgets, electric vehicles |
| Symbol | ~ | ⎓ |
Interesting Facts
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AC was promoted by Nikola Tesla, while DC was championed by Thomas Edison.
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Modern technology often converts AC to DC for devices like computers and TVs.
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High-voltage AC can travel hundreds of kilometers with minimal energy loss, which is why our homes use it.